NAMA : Zefanya Putri Listoro
NPM : 17211727
KELAS: 1EA26
UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
BAB 1
Explanation of tenses in several book
v By ANIK M. INDRIASTUTI, In his book “BUKU PINTAR TENSES”Tenses are verb forms change depending on the timing and nature of an incident. in Indonesian, we do not recognize as a form of the verbtenses will be used with the same shape despite different expression of time. for example: the word meet in the Indonesian and meet the word in the English language as shown below.
v By A.FAIDLAL RAHMAN ALI, SE.Par,In his book “CARA CEPAT BELAJAR 16 TENSES”
change the verb is one of the basic factors that need to know well in English. This is so that we can speak English both oral and writtencorrectly
merupakn tenses tense forms in English. tenses used to expresswhen an event or events occur. As for the tenses is an illustration orexplanation, when an event, incident, statements, news and action inthe sentence appropriate to the circumstances, such as: current,past, or in the future or change the form of the verb. in simple tensesof words that show the mean time, be it of an action, activity, or level of completeness.
merupakn tenses tense forms in English. tenses used to expresswhen an event or events occur. As for the tenses is an illustration orexplanation, when an event, incident, statements, news and action inthe sentence appropriate to the circumstances, such as: current,past, or in the future or change the form of the verb. in simple tensesof words that show the mean time, be it of an action, activity, or level of completeness.
v v By SURAWAN MARTINUS ,In his book “CARA MUDAH BELAJAR & MEMAHAMI TENSES”terms of tenses in English means 'time' in the discussion ofgrammar or grammar when people talk about tenses would meantalking about the difference the difference or change in sentenceform with respect to the timing of the events that were dictated by the sentences. as an example of an event or action that the samewill be expressed differently when the time occurs differently. way ofrevealing the events that happened today will be different from what happened in the past and will be different again in the future :
im reading a novel now (= now)
im read a novel yesterday (yesterday =)
i will read a novel tomorrow (= tomorrow)
notice that is different is the form of the verb in the predicate phrase
mark time 'now' (now), 'yesterday, (past), and' tomorrow'(forthcoming). shows at different times. events present events, pastand future that each would still be in color with a 'normal', 'being' and'finished'.
in English all that, combined to form a joint and common in usethere are as many as 12 couples each pair with a term commonly called tenses.
im read a novel yesterday (yesterday =)
i will read a novel tomorrow (= tomorrow)
notice that is different is the form of the verb in the predicate phrase
mark time 'now' (now), 'yesterday, (past), and' tomorrow'(forthcoming). shows at different times. events present events, pastand future that each would still be in color with a 'normal', 'being' and'finished'.
in English all that, combined to form a joint and common in usethere are as many as 12 couples each pair with a term commonly called tenses.
v v By REDAKSI TANGGA PUSTAKA , In his book “CARA PRAKTIS MENGUASAI 16 TENSES ”
tenses in the English language meaning of time. tenses are rulesform a sentence that shows the classification of events tenses as follows.
A. PRESENT TENSE
1.Simple Present Tense
2.Present Continous Tense
3.Present Perfect Continous Tense
4. Present Perfect Tense
B. PAST TENSE
1. Simple Past Tense
2. Past Continous Tense
3. Past Perfect Tense
4. Past Perfect Continous Tense
FUTURE TENSE
1. Simple Future Tense
2. Future Continous Tense
3. Future Perfect Tense
4. Future Perfect Continous Tense
v v By DHANNY R. CYSSCO, In his book “MASTERING TENSES & DAILY CONVERSATIONS”
tenses in the English language word derived from the Latin wordtempus which means time to talk about the tenses mean the showtalking about the time when the occurrence of an event or events, the continuation and completion
english tenses so basically talking about the time of the occurrence of an event or events in general an event can occur at the presenttime (present), in the past (past), or terdadi in the future (future).
different from the Indonesian, in the English language description oftime will determine the use of the verb, the verb may thus refer to the current time
past or that will datang.suatu sentence that refers to the current timeis called the present tense, a sentence which refers to the past called the past tense, while the sentence that refers to the call will come infuture tense
english tenses so basically talking about the time of the occurrence of an event or events in general an event can occur at the presenttime (present), in the past (past), or terdadi in the future (future).
different from the Indonesian, in the English language description oftime will determine the use of the verb, the verb may thus refer to the current time
past or that will datang.suatu sentence that refers to the current timeis called the present tense, a sentence which refers to the past called the past tense, while the sentence that refers to the call will come infuture tense
BAB 2
TENSE
1. PRESENT TENSE
A . Simple Present Tense
B. Present Continuous Tense
C. Present Perfect Tense
D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
2. PAST TENSE
A. Simple Past Tense
B. Past Continuous Tense
C. Past Perfect Tense
D. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
3. FUTURE TENSE
A . Simple Future Tense
B. Future Continuous Tense
C . Future Perfect Tense
D . Future Perfect Continuous Tense
4. PAST FUTURE TENSE
A . Past Future Tense
B. Past Future Continuous Tense
C. Past Future Perfect Tense
D. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
1. PRESENT TENSE
A . Simple Present Tense
Formula:
I/You/We/They+Infinitive
He/She/It+Infinitive+s/es/ies
+ } S + V1 + (s,es,ies)+ O/Adv
- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/Adv
? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/Adv?
Simple Present Tense is used to declare the event or events,activities, activity and so is the case today.
Present Tense is also used to express a fact, or something thathappens over and over again the days of NOW.
B. Present Continuous Tense
Formula:
I + To be (am)+Present Participle
You/We/They+To be (are)+ Present Participle
He+She+It +To be(is)+Present Participle
+ } S + To be (am,is,are)+ V1 + ing +O/Adv
- } S + To be (am,is,are)+ not + V1 + ing + O/Adv
? } To be (am,is,are) + S + V1 + ing + O/Adv?
used to express actions in progress or being worked on. The characteristics of the information used for example: now, right now, today, and so this morning
- Used to express an ongoing event
- Used to declare a temporary event
- Used to express the events that took place for the foreseeable future.
C. Present Perfect Tense
I/You/We/They+Have+Past Participle
He/She/It+Has+Present Participle
Formula:
+} S+Have+V3+O/Adv
-} S+Have/Has+Not+V3+O/Adv
?} Have/Has+S+V3+O/Adv?
-The use of present perfect for past
-The use of present perfect for past time with many activities
-The use of present perfect for light time but it is still happening today
D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula:
2. PAST TENSE
A. Simple Past Tense
Formula:
usage:
To state the events that have "Past". Past have not been here long sowell, just past, is past. That's the emphasis. Maybe yesterday, an hour ago, two years ago, two centuries ago, and so forth.
(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving
to describe the situation that is happening at a very long time ago
C. Past Perfect Tense
Formula:
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
Declare an activity that occurs before other activities in the past,there are usually two or more activities together.
Usage: used to express a thing or event that something HAS and ISoccurred in the PAST.
3. FUTURE TENSE
A . Simple Future Tense
Formula:
Usage: used to express the events that Will Happen
B. Future Continuous Tense
Formula:
Usage: 1. To declare events / activities to be happening at a specifictime in the future. Time specifications are usually expressed in hours(ie at what time this happened).
2. Also used to denote the two events that occurred at the same timein the future.
3. To declare events / activities that are happening / taking place inthe future, which interrupted by other events.
4. To declare a thing or event that is believed to be / is really going to happen
C . Future Perfect Tense
Formula:
verb subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main
Usage: used to express something that "It's happening, but it WILL"
D . Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula:
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
used to indicate an event that began in the past, but still lasted until the time will come
4. PAST FUTURE TENSE
A . Past Future Tense
Formula:
(+): S + would + V1
Usage:
1. To restate the events / activities that had predicted wouldhappen / be done at certain times in the past.
B. Past Future Continuous Tense
Formula:
Usage: To restate the events / activities are predicted / planned to be happening / done at a specific time in the past. Note: Specifications are usually expressed by stating the time clock (I.e. what time the event / activity is predicted / planned to be held /performed) and time clause.
C. Past Future Perfect Tense
Formula:
Usage: To restate the events / activities that have been predictedor planned to happen / has been completed prior to or until a certain time in the past.
D. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula :
(+): S + would + have + been + Ving
to declare that the event / activity will continue to happen / be doneuntil a certain time limit in the past.
BAB 3
EXAMPLE TENSES
Present Tense
Example :
(-) We Don’t Sing a Song Once a Day
(?) Do I Study English EveryDay?
Example :
Example :
Example:
Present Continuous Tense
Example :
Example :
Example :
(-)I am Not Taking a Book
(?) Am I Leaving This Village Tonight?
Present Perfect Tense
Example:
Example:
(+)I have been at home for a month
(-)Mr. Handoko has not eaten the sate already
(?)Has Mr. Imam been here since 06.00 ?
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Example :
Example:
I have been watching TV for two hours (+)
He has been playing football since elementary school (+)
Marina has not been learning english for two years (-)
Have you been reading a book for an hour ? (?)
Past Tense
Example :
Example:
(+) He came here last month
Past Continuous Tense
Example :
Example:
He was sleeping when I came (+)
He was not sleeping when I came (-)
Was he sleeping when I came ?
I was working all night yesterday(+)
I was not working all night yesterday (-)
were you working all night yesterday ?
Past Perfect Tense
Example:
Example:
They had been here before 1945 (+)
They had not been here before 1945 (-)
Had they been here before 1945 ? (?)
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Example:
Example:
He had been living in Jakarta about ten years (+)
He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years (-)
Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ? (?)
Future Tense
Example:
(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
We will go to school soon (+)
We will not go to school soon (-)
Will we go to school soon ? (?)
Future Continuous Tense
Example:
Example:
I will be watching a movie tonight (+)
I will not be watching a movie tonight (-)
Will you be watching a movie tonight ? (?)
Future Perfect Tense
Example:
Example:
(?)Will Majid have rented my house next month ?
Example:
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Example:
Example:
Example:
(+)My grandmother will have been visiting us tomorrow morning
(-)My grandmother will not have been visiting us tomorrow morning
(?)Will your grandmother have been visiting you tomorrow morning?
Past Future Tense
Example:
Past Future Continuous Tense
Example:
Past Future Perfect Tense
Example:
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Example:
Example:
LAMPIRAN BIOGRAFI/REFERENSI
2. “CARA CEPAT BELAJAR 16 TENSES”
A.FAIDLAL RAHMAN ALI, SE.Par
3. “CARA MUDAH BELAJAR & MEMAHAMI TENSES”
By .SURAWAN MARTINUS
4. “CARA PRAKTIS MENGUASAI 16 TENSES”
5. “MASTERING TENSES & DAILY CONVERSATIONS”
D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula:
(+): S + have/has + been + Ving
(-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving
(?): Have/has + S + been + Ving
usage:
A. Describe an activity that began in the past and still continues to this day, either ongoing or intermittent.
B. Showed activity that was a habit that began in the past and lasteduntil the present.
2. PAST TENSE
A. Simple Past Tense
Formula:
+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/Adv
-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/Adv
?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/Adv
usage:
To state the events that have "Past". Past have not been here long sowell, just past, is past. That's the emphasis. Maybe yesterday, an hour ago, two years ago, two centuries ago, and so forth.
B. Past Continuous Tense
Formula:
(+): S + was/were + Ving
(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving
(?): Was/Were + S + Ving
to describe the situation that is happening at a very long time ago
C. Past Perfect Tense
Formula:
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
(+): S + had + V3
(-): S + had + not + V3
(?): Had + S + V3
Declare an activity that occurs before other activities in the past,there are usually two or more activities together.
D. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula:
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Usage: used to express a thing or event that something HAS and ISoccurred in the PAST.
3. FUTURE TENSE
A . Simple Future Tense
Formula:
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb
Usage: used to express the events that Will Happen
B. Future Continuous Tense
Formula:
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Usage: 1. To declare events / activities to be happening at a specifictime in the future. Time specifications are usually expressed in hours(ie at what time this happened).
2. Also used to denote the two events that occurred at the same timein the future.
3. To declare events / activities that are happening / taking place inthe future, which interrupted by other events.
4. To declare a thing or event that is believed to be / is really going to happen
2. Also used to denote the two events that occurred at the same timein the future.
3. To declare events / activities that are happening / taking place inthe future, which interrupted by other events.
4. To declare a thing or event that is believed to be / is really going to happen
C . Future Perfect Tense
Formula:
verb subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main
Usage: used to express something that "It's happening, but it WILL"
D . Future Perfect Continuous Tense
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
used to indicate an event that began in the past, but still lasted until the time will come
4. PAST FUTURE TENSE
A . Past Future Tense
Formula:
(+): S + would + V1
(-): S + would + not + V1
(?): Would + S + V1
Usage:
1. To restate the events / activities that had predicted wouldhappen / be done at certain times in the past.
B. Past Future Continuous Tense
Formula:
(+): S + would + be + Ving
(-): S + would + not + be + Ving
(?): Would + S + be + Ving
Usage: To restate the events / activities are predicted / planned to be happening / done at a specific time in the past. Note: Specifications are usually expressed by stating the time clock (I.e. what time the event / activity is predicted / planned to be held /performed) and time clause.
C. Past Future Perfect Tense
Formula:
(+): S + would + have + V3
(-): S + would + not + have + V3
(?): Would + S + have + V3
Usage: To restate the events / activities that have been predictedor planned to happen / has been completed prior to or until a certain time in the past.
D. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula :
(+): S + would + have + been + Ving
(-): S + would + not + have + been + Ving
(?): Would + S + have + been + Ving
to declare that the event / activity will continue to happen / be doneuntil a certain time limit in the past.
BAB 3
EXAMPLE TENSES
Present Tense
Example :
(+ )I Study English Everyday
(+)We Sing a Song Once a Day
(+)He Usually Studies English
(-) We Don’t Sing a Song Once a Day
(-) He Doesn’t Usually Study English
(-) I Do Not (Don’t) Study English Every Day
(?) Do I Study English EveryDay?
(?) Do You Sometimes Speak Indonesian?
(?) Does He Always Read Newspaper?
Example :
(+ ) Sisca Reads book everyday
(- ) Sisca does not Read book everyday
(? ) does Sisca Read book everyday
Example :
(+) She is a new people here.
(-) She isn’t a new people here.
(?) Is she a new people here?
Example:
(+) He plays football every morning
(-) He does not playing football every morning.
(?) How playing football every morning?
Present Continuous Tense
Example :
(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.
Example :
(+ ) They are playing badmintoon now
(– ) They are not playing badmintoon now
(? ) Are they palaying badmintoon now ?
Example :
(+) Im Learning English Now
(+) They Are Going To Jakarta Now
(+) He Is Listening To The Radio
(+) She Is Still Reading a Magazine
(-)I am Not Taking a Book
(-) You Are Not (Aren’t) Playing Guitar
(-) It isn’t Sleeping Now
(-) She Is Not (isn’t) going to the Mart
(?) Am I Leaving This Village Tonight?
(?)Are They Waiting For The Bus Now?
(?) Is He Following the Course right now?
(?) Is Mrs.Delli Working at The Company Now?
Present Perfect Tense
Example:
(+) you have eaten mine.
(-) she has not been to Rome
(?) have you finished?
Example:
(+) We have gone to Surabaya
(+) I have read a story book
(+) He has bought the rulers
(+)She has seen an accident in the street
(+)I have been at home for a month
(-)Mr. Handoko has not eaten the sate already
(?)Has Mr. Imam been here since 06.00 ?
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Example :
(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.
(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.
(?) Has she been going to Malang ?
Example:
(+) We have been riding a horse for three days
(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.
(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?
I have been watching TV for two hours (+)
He has been playing football since elementary school (+)
Marina has not been learning english for two years (-)
Have you been reading a book for an hour ? (?)
Past Tense
Example :
+} We were at school yesterday
-} We were not at school yesterday
?} were we at school yesterday ?
For I, He, She, It = Was
They, we, you = were
Example:
(+) I saw a good film last night
(-) I saw not a good film last night
(?) Saw I a good film last night
(+) He came here last month
(-) He came not last month
(?) Came He here last month
Past Continuous Tense
Example :
(+) They were talking about sport when I met him
(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him
(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him
Example:
(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week
(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last week
(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week
He was sleeping when I came (+)
He was not sleeping when I came (-)
Was he sleeping when I came ?
I was working all night yesterday(+)
I was not working all night yesterday (-)
were you working all night yesterday ?
Past Perfect Tense
Example:
(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle
(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle
(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?
Example:
(+) The ship had left before I arrived
(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived
(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?
They had been here before 1945 (+)
They had not been here before 1945 (-)
Had they been here before 1945 ? (?)
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Example:
(+) They had been living there for two month
(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month
(?) Had they been living there for two month?
Example:
(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton
(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton
(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton
He had been living in Jakarta about ten years (+)
He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years (-)
Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ? (?)
Future Tense
Example:
(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock
(?) Will he go to America next month?
(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?
We will go to school soon (+)
We will not go to school soon (-)
Will we go to school soon ? (?)
Future Continuous Tense
Example:
(+) I will be writing a comic.
(-) I will not writing a comic.
(?) Will I be writing a comic ?
Example:
(+) I will be studying tomorrow night..
(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.
(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?
I will be watching a movie tonight (+)
I will not be watching a movie tonight (-)
Will you be watching a movie tonight ? (?)
I will be watching a movie tonight (+)
I will not be watching a movie tonight (-)
Will you be watching a movie tonight ? (?)
Future Perfect Tense
Example:
(+) will have been in the hospital until tomorrow morning
(-) I will not have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning
(?) will you have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning ?
Example:
(+)Majid will have rented my house next month
(-)Majid will not have rented my house next month
(?)Will Majid have rented my house next month ?
(?)Will Majid have rented my house next month ?
Example:
(+) I will have finished by 10 am
(-) we will not have left
(?) will you have arrived?
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Example:
(+) I will have been reading a news paper.
(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.
(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?
Example:
(+) He will have been listening music.
(-) He will haven’t listening a music.
(?) Will He have listening a music ?
Example:
(+)My grandmother will have been visiting us tomorrow morning
(-)My grandmother will not have been visiting us tomorrow morning
(?)Will your grandmother have been visiting you tomorrow morning?
Past Future Tense
Example:
(+) He would come if you invited him.
(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.
(?) Would He come if invited him ?
Example:
(+) They would buy a home the previous day.
(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.
(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?
Past Future Continuous Tense
Example:
(+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.
(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following day.
(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?
Example:
(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?
Past Future Perfect Tense
Example:
(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this week.
(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of this week
(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this week ?
Example:
(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.
(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Example:
Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years
(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year
(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?
Example:
(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking English for two years
(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?
LAMPIRAN BIOGRAFI/REFERENSI
1. “BUKU PINTAR TENSES”
Penyusun : ANIK M. INDRIASTUTI
Penyuting : SITI ANISAH SUSANA
Pendesain Sampul : ANGGA PRIATNA
Penata Letak : TRI INDAH MARTY
Penerbit :PT.WAHYU MEDIA
Redaksi
JL.H.MONTONG NO.57 CIGANJUR,
Jakakarsa, Jakarta Selatan 12630
Tlp. (021) 78883030 Ext.213, 214, 216
Email.: wahyumedia@yahoo.com
website : www.wahyumedia.com
2. “CARA CEPAT BELAJAR 16 TENSES”
A.FAIDLAL RAHMAN ALI, SE.Par
Desain Sampul :Hengky Irawan
Tata Letak : Gari
Di Terbitkan Oleh
PUSTAKA WIDYATAMA
JL.Irian Jaya D-24, Perum Nogotirto Elok II
Yogyakarta 55292
Tlp. (0274) 7103084 , Fax. (0274) 620879
ISBN : 979-610-152-1
3. “CARA MUDAH BELAJAR & MEMAHAMI TENSES”
By .SURAWAN MARTINUS
4. “CARA PRAKTIS MENGUASAI 16 TENSES”
Penyusun : Redaksi Tangga Pustaka
Editor : Agustin Leoni
Desain Cover : Zapeton Deff
Layout : Hendra
Penerbit : PT.Tangga Pustaka
Redaksi: JL.H.Montong No.57,Ciganjur Jagakarsa
Jakarta Selatan 12630
Email : redaksi@tanggapustaka.com
5. “MASTERING TENSES & DAILY CONVERSATIONS”
Penyusun : DHANNY R. CYSSCO
Penerbit : PUSPA BAHASA
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